An archetypal critic would also say that the recurring patterns in literature prove that there are universal Othello's Integrity One of Othello's admirable qualities is that he believes that men should be transparent and honest as he is; "Certain, men should be what they seem" (Act 3 Scene 3 Line 134). Kibin, 2023, www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX. Othello is a tragedy plan written by William Shakespeare. According to Hillman, that discourse was anticipated by Evangelos Christous Logos of the Soul (1963) and extended in religion (David L. Millers New Polytheism, 1974), philosophy (Edward Caseys Imagining: A Phenomenological Study, 1976), mythology (Rafael Lopez-Pedrazas Hermes and His Children, 1977), psycholinguistics (Paul Kuglers Alchemy of Discourse: An Archetypal Approach to Language, 1982), and the theory of analysis (Patricia Berrys Echos Subtle Body, 1982). As the story unfolds Othellos character evolves in an extremely tragic way as Iago manipulates him and leaves him to rot in his misery. However, for Othello this is not the case. By speaking of soul as a primary metaphor, rather than defining soul substantively and attempting to derive its ontological status from empirical demonstration or theological (metaphysical) argument, archetypal psychology recognizes that psychic reality is inextricably involved with rhetoric (Hillman, Archetypal 19). His destruction is essentially precipitated by his own actions, as well as by the actions of the characters surrounding him. As mine own face. Othello: A Survey of Criticism :: Internet Shakespeare Editions - UVic.ca What is a tragic hero and why is Othello considered one? Othello is a train wreck that the audience horrifyingly witnesses, helpless to prevent or look away. Herbert Read, Michael Fordham, and Gerhard Adler, 20 vois., 1953-79), Letters (trans. OTHELLO: My name, that was as fresh. I am hitherto your daughter. To wronged Othellos service. Ignoring her appeals for mercy and avowals of innocence, Othello smothers her moments before Emilia arrives with the proof of Desdemonas innocence and Iagos villainy. I pray you, in your letters, The major work of Frye's to deal with archetypes is Anatomy of Criticism but his essay The Archetypes of Literature is a precursor to the book. As Iago asserts to Roderigo, Virtue? With some of its advocates supported through early publication of their work in the journal Spring, feminist archetypal theory and criticism of literature and the arts emerged fullblown in three texts: Annis Pratts Archetypal Patterns in Womens Fiction (1981), which self-consciously evoked and critiqued Maud Bodkins 1934 text; Estella Lauters Women as Mythmakers: Poetry and Visual Art by Twentieth Century Women (1984); and Estella Lauter and Carol Schreier Rupprechts Feminist Archetypal Theory: Interdisciplinary Re-Visions of Jungian Thought (1985). In archetypal criticism, under the reductive method of analysis, a critic, while elucidating a text, moves from the particular truth to the general truth. archetypal criticism in othello Bettina Knapps 1984 effort at an authoritative demonstration of archetypal literary criticism exemplified this pattern. 125-126). Eventually, this leads to Othellos suicide. Finally, Othello arrives giving him the opportunity to renew his marriage vows to Desdemona: It gives me wonder great as my content The scapegoat is the character that gets blamed for everything regardless if he or she was actually the one who did or not (Archetypes). Cinthios version of Iago is conventionally driven by jealousy of a superior and lust for his wife. The three women are Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca. Innocent characters also suffer, like Desdemona. Did you find something inaccurate, misleading, abusive, or otherwise problematic in this essay example? Because of that, it has generated a lot of literary criticism in the 400 years since it was written and first . Further, Jung termed his own theory analytical psychology, as it is still known especially in Europe, but Jungian thought is more commonly referred to today in all disciplines as archetypal psychology.. 3. (2023). William Shakespeare utilized archetype frequently as a literary device in his plays. marxist criticism in othello act 1 - lupaclass.com And concomitantly, on which of these levels was the reader affected? Olympus-high, and duck again as low Archetypal Criticism Volume I. Othellos motivation in the play appears to be his love and concern for his wife Desdemona, which ironically, ends up being his downfall in the end. Kibin, 2023. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX. Othello is decisive, confident, and secure in his identity, duty, and place in the world. Archetypal Criticism - Literary Theory and Criticism A Modern View of Feminist Criticism William Shakespeare 's "Othello" can be analyzed from a feminist perspective.This criticism focuses on relationships between genders, like the patterns of thoughts, behavior, values, enfranchisement, and power in relations between and within sexes. The Shakespearean tragedy Othello contains a number of themes; their relative importance and priority is debated by literary critics. Let us know! Using an archetypal literary criticism, Harry Potter can be analyzed by focusing on different archetypes, such as, symbols, images, and character types in the text. Source: Groden, Michael, and Martin Kreiswirth. Desdemonas true morals is her absolute devotion to her husband. Perplexed in the extreme; of one whose hand, Jung was also more preoccupied with dreams and fantasies, because he saw them as exclusively (purely) products of the unconscious, in contrast to literature, which he oddly believed, citing Joyces Ulysses as an example, was created in the full light of consciousness (15:123). Examples of Archetype in Shakespearean Works. Northrop Frye has been the most influential of those critics who have argued that archetypal patterns underlie the modes, plots and genres of literary works. Considered according to this definition, the concept becomes a useful tool for literary analysis that explores the synthesis of the universal and the particular, seeks to define the parameters of social construction of gender, and attempts to construct theories of language, of the imaginal, and of meaning that take gender into account. They're not intended to be submitted as your own work, so we don't waste time removing every error. An archetype is recurrent. "Now will I question assio of ianca, As he shall smile, Othello shall go mad; . By trying to hide the fact that Othello had murdered her, Desdemona has chosen to put the honor of their love above honesty. Placing responsibility in the stars - he calls Desdemona an "ill-starred wench" - is hardly a gallant course of action. Othello is first shown as a hero of war and a man of, The extent of which Othello is a tragic hero has been open to much debate; the basis on which he is judged falls to Aristotles established view of the crucial elements that distinguish whether a person is truly tragic. That such a man should fall so far and so fast gives the play an almost unbearable momentum. 1: 67), of the archetypes, which he described as patterns of psychic energy originating in the collective unconscious and finding their most common and most normal manifestation in dreams (8:287). Nor set down aught in malice. Hillman invokes Henri Corbin (1903-78), French scholar, philosopher, and mystic known for his work on Islam, as the second father of archetypal psychology. Othello Act 4, scene 2 Summary & Analysis | LitCharts How to respect you; you are the lord of duty; The Moor is eventually captured, tortured, and slain by Disdemonas relatives, while the ensign dies during torture for another crime. Citations The present essay, "Archetypes of Literature," is taken from the book. If after every tempest come such calms, When citing an essay from our library, you can use "Kibin" as the author. Desdemona is shown as the most pure and proper of the women in Othello and is put into the center of all the drama. Archetypal school of literary criticism is a type of literary criticism that is concerned with recurring myths and archetypes in symbols, characters, actions, and situations within literary pieces. Even though Othello had a reputation as a hero, he ends up being one of the most gullible characters in the play when he completely falls into the evil trap that Iago set for him. A archethpes symbol or myth leads to the establishment of a general truth. And let the labouring barque climb hills of seas In the beginning of the play, Othello is seen as content with his new bride: For know, Iago, But that I love the gentle Desdemona (1.2.24-25). Othello must now face the realization of what he has done. This burgeoning theoretical movement and the generally unsatisfying nature of so much early Jungian literary criticism are both linked to the problematic nature of Jungs own writing on literature, which comprises a handful of essays: The Type Problem in Poetry, On the Relation of Analytical Psychology to Poetry, Psychology and Literature, Ulysses: A Monologue, and Is There a Freudian Type of Poetry? These essays reveal Jungs lack of awareness as a reader despite his sense that they may show how ideas that play a considerable role in my work can be applied to literary material (Collected 15:109^. 1. An example, is that they had to overcome a huge obstacle such as love because Othello and Desdemona were in love but her father did not approve of it. The first systematic application of Jungs ideas to literature was made in 1934 by Maud Bodkin in Archetypal Patterns in Poetry: An attempt is here made to bring psychological analysis and reflection to bear upon the imaginative experience communicated by great poetry, and to examine those forms or patterns in which the universal forces of our nature there find objectification (vii). For the fair devil. Cultural criticism is exploring or examining the relationship of dominant role based on ethnicity, and sexual identity of person, also a great understanding of yourself. He seems to breathe an atmosphere as fateful as that of King Lear, but more confined and oppressive, the darkness not of night but of a close-shut murderous room. His works range from ingenious poems, such as Fear No More, to plays, such as The Tragedy of Othello. Othello, though, decides to kill her. The approaches of semiologists, structuralists and deconstructivists . Rashness: The play is replete with rash decisions. Archetypal Analysis | R-bloggers But Wheelwright, for example, barely mentions Jung (The Burning Fountain, 1954), and he, Fergusson, and others often owe more to Sigmund Freud, Ernest Jones, Oedipus Rex, and the Oedipus complex than to anything taken from Jung. This type of criticism was first experimented by Maud Bodkin, in his book Archetypal Patterns in Poetry (1934). Othello - Shakespeare Birthplace Trust These patterns and themes, often referred to as archetypes, are believed to be present in the collective unconscious of all human beings . This passage reveals how much Othello has deteriorated as far as his ability to reason. Iago leads Othello to suspect that love and devotion are shams disguising the basest of animalistic instincts. Thus Jungian theory provided no clear avenue of access for those outside of psychology, and orthodox Jungians were left with little in the way of models for the psychological analysis of literature. Thus, with the archetypal theorists multiplying across disciplines on the one hand and the clinically practicing followers serving as (generally inadequate) critics on the other, archetypal literary theory and criticism flourished in two independent streams in the 1960s and 1970s. Jung most frequently used myth (or mythologem) for the narrative expression, on the ethnological level (Collected 9, pt. Of all Shakespeares tragedies . Confirmation of this theory was Jungs reading of Faust: part 1 was psychological; part 2, visionary.. And new theories increasingly give credence to the requirement, historically asserted by Jungian readers, that each text elicit a personal, affective, and not merely intellectual response. Where a malignant and a turband Turk How To Write An Archetypal Criticism Essay - quality-managers.org Feminist Critique of the Character Desdemona in Othello Introduction Women during Elizabethan age are assumed to have spent their lives in the service of men - prearranged marriages, child rearing, and their role as sexual objects.